Torero highlights logistics and food security challenges of doubly landlocked nations

Máximo Torero commented that Uzbekistan and Liechtenstein are both doubly landlocked countries. The report notes that Uzbekistan, as one of only two such nations globally, faces unique water and food security challenges. These countries face obstacles in securing food supplies and reaching international markets due to their geography.

Dependence on transport routes through neighboring states increases costs for businesses and consumers. A 2025 UN study found that logistics costs per tonne of imported goods are 75 per cent higher in landlocked developing countries compared to coastal nations. This impact extends to food imports, fertilizer, and fuel.